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The history and design of the world’s flags, written up at length.

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Squares, Circles and Diamonds: The Shapes Underneath Flag Design

Squares, Circles and Diamonds: The Shapes Underneath Flag Design

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Julio Song
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3 min read

Vexillology is the study of flags, and a fair share of it comes down to shapes. Squares tend to read as stable, circles as whole and self-contained, a...

Flags of the World: A Colorful Journey Through Cultural Symbolism

Flags of the World: A Colorful Journey Through Cultural Symbolism

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Julio Song
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3 min read

Three flags, three completely different jobs. Afghanistan's records a hard century. Argentina's records the weather and a church. Albania's records on...

Belize, Bhutan and Brazil: How Much Can You Fit on a Flag?

Belize, Bhutan and Brazil: How Much Can You Fit on a Flag?

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Julio Song
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3 min read

What flags are asked to carry Vexillology is the study of flags, and one of its recurring findings is how much information countries try to pack into ...

Festivals of Flags: Celebrating National Pride Around the Globe

Festivals of Flags: Celebrating National Pride Around the Globe

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Julio Song
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2 min read

Enough people treat a flag as a stand-in for the country itself that whole festivals have grown up around them, some noisy with parades, some quiet an...

Flags of Revolution: The Colors and Symbols of History's Greatest Uprisings

Flags of Revolution: The Colors and Symbols of History's Greatest Uprisings

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Julio Song
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3 min read

Revolutions need something to march behind. A flag gives a crowd a way to recognize itself, and it gives everyone watching a way to recognize the crow...

Tales of Identity: The Cultural Narratives Behind Flags from Afghanistan to Argentina

Tales of Identity: The Cultural Narratives Behind Flags from Afghanistan to Argentina

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Julio Song
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2 min read

Flags carry arguments Vexillology is the study of flags, and most of what it turns up is political. A flag has to do two contradictory things at once:...

What the Colors on the Afghan and Argentine Flags Are Meant to Say

What the Colors on the Afghan and Argentine Flags Are Meant to Say

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Julio Song
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2 min read

A national flag is the loudest thing most countries say about themselves in a single image. Identity, culture, and values get compressed into a rectan...

Afghanistan's Flag Kept Being Rewritten. Andorra's Settled a Negotiation.

Afghanistan's Flag Kept Being Rewritten. Andorra's Settled a Negotiation.

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Julio Song
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3 min read

Every national flag is a compressed argument about history and identity, and the arguments differ enormously depending on who was making them and when...

Why There Are So Many Lions and Eagles on Flags

Why There Are So Many Lions and Eagles on Flags

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Julio Song
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2 min read

Why animals ended up on flags at all Animals on national symbols are rarely chosen for looks. They come out of heraldry, the older business of coats o...

The Colors of Unity: Symbolism in the Flags of the Americas

The Colors of Unity: Symbolism in the Flags of the Americas

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Julio Song
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3 min read

The flags of the Americas share a great deal of history and almost no design vocabulary. Argentina's blue and white sits at one end of the range, the ...

Three Flags That Aged Differently: Afghanistan, Albania and Argentina

Three Flags That Aged Differently: Afghanistan, Albania and Argentina

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Julio Song
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2 min read

Afghanistan, Albania and Argentina make a useful trio because their flags have aged in completely different ways. One has been rewritten with almost e...

The Flags of Freedom: Independence Movements and Their Symbolism

The Flags of Freedom: Independence Movements and Their Symbolism

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Julio Song
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3 min read

Independence movements tend to have a flag before they have a state. A movement needs something that can go on a leaflet, be carried at a march, and b...

The Flags of Resilience: Stories from Afghanistan to Zambia

The Flags of Resilience: Stories from Afghanistan to Zambia

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Julio Song
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3 min read

Afghanistan and Zambia have almost nothing in common historically, and their flags were adopted under completely different circumstances. Put them sid...

The Flag of Unity: Analyzing Symbols in Flags from Afghanistan to Anguilla

The Flag of Unity: Analyzing Symbols in Flags from Afghanistan to Anguilla

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Julio Song
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3 min read

A flag is one of the oldest ways of saying that a group of people belong together. Vexillology, the study of flags, spends much of its time on how tha...

Afghanistan's Flag Keeps Changing. Canada's Hasn't Since 1965.

Afghanistan's Flag Keeps Changing. Canada's Hasn't Since 1965.

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Julio Song
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3 min read

Afghanistan's national flag has been redrawn again and again. Canada's has been the same since 1965. Putting the two next to each other is a useful ex...

Composite Flags: What Countries Do When No Single Symbol Covers Everyone

Composite Flags: What Countries Do When No Single Symbol Covers Everyone

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Julio Song
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2 min read

A composite flag combines elements from more than one culture or history into a single design. It is what a country reaches for when no single symbol ...

The Symbolism of Stripes: A Look at the Diverse Flag Designs from Angola to Barbados

The Symbolism of Stripes: A Look at the Diverse Flag Designs from Angola to Barbados

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Julio Song
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2 min read

A stripe is the cheapest thing a flag can do and one of the most durable. It reads at a distance, it survives being sewn badly, and it can be loaded w...

The Six Colors That Do Most of the Work on National Flags

The Six Colors That Do Most of the Work on National Flags

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Julio Song
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3 min read

A flag's palette is almost never accidental. Colors get chosen during a revolution, at a founding, or in a redesign after a war, and the reasoning usu...

Flag Design Through the Ages: Lessons from Afghanistan to Australia

Flag Design Through the Ages: Lessons from Afghanistan to Australia

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Julio Song
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2 min read

Why a flag carries so much A flag has to do several jobs at once. It claims freedom and sovereignty, it carries cultural values and history, and it ha...

Five Flags That Never Come Up in Quizzes

Five Flags That Never Come Up in Quizzes

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Julio Song
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2 min read

Vexillology is the study of flags, and a fair amount of it consists of noticing what a design is actually made of once you stop treating it as decorat...

Vexillology 101: How to Read a Flag

Vexillology 101: How to Read a Flag

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Julio Song
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3 min read

Vexillology is the study of flags, and it exists because flags are dense with information that almost nobody stops to read. A flag is visual shorthand...

The Flags of the Ancients: Tracing Historical Symbolism from Afghanistan to Algeria

The Flags of the Ancients: Tracing Historical Symbolism from Afghanistan to Algeria

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Julio Song
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2 min read

Two flags, two ways of carrying the past Afghanistan and Algeria both put ancient material on modern flags, and they do it for opposite reasons. Afgha...

A Mosque and a Sun With a Face: Afghanistan and Argentina

A Mosque and a Sun With a Face: Afghanistan and Argentina

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Julio Song
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3 min read

What a flag is doing besides being fabric A flag is a compressed argument about who a country thinks it is. Some make the argument with a single shape...

Around the World in 50 Flags: A Vexillological Journey

Around the World in 50 Flags: A Vexillological Journey

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Julio Song
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3 min read

This is a walk through the first fifty flags in our database, taken in the order they come. It is an arbitrary way to travel, which is exactly why it ...