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The history and design of the world’s flags, written up at length.

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Blue Instead of Green: How a Coup in Guinea-Bissau Rewrote Cape Verde's Flag
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Blue Instead of Green: How a Coup in Guinea-Bissau Rewrote Cape Verde's Flag

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Julio Song
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8 min read

Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau were supposed to become one country. They fought the same war against the same colonial power under the same party, and for the first five years of independence, their national flags were built from the same three colors. Then a coup happened across the ocean on the West...

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No Government Designed These Flags. Recognizing Them Took Decades.

No Government Designed These Flags. Recognizing Them Took Decades.

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Julio Song
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9 min read

The oldest patriotic flag flown in North America is not Canada's. It is a white infinity symbol on a field of blue or red, and it was carried into a f...

The Flag You've Never Seen: Why Some Countries Fly One Banner on Land and Another at Sea

The Flag You've Never Seen: Why Some Countries Fly One Banner on Land and Another at Sea

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Julio Song
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9 min read

Sail into a Swedish naval base and look up at the flagpole. The flag snapping over the base is not the flag printed on Swedish passports or road signs...

Somalia's Flag Has Five Points. Only Two of Them Are Somalia.

Somalia's Flag Has Five Points. Only Two of Them Are Somalia.

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Julio Song
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9 min read

Somalia's flag has five points on its star. Only two of them have ever belonged to Somalia. That is not a design flaw. It is the point. When Somalia's...

The Flag North Korea Called Superstition: How One Peninsula Split an Ancient Cosmology in Two

The Flag North Korea Called Superstition: How One Peninsula Split an Ancient Cosmology in Two

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Julio Song
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8 min read

In August 1948, a Korean Workers' Party theorist named Kim Tu-bong sat down to explain why his country needed a brand new flag. He didn't soften the a...

South Africa's Flag Was Designed to Mean Nothing, and That's the Point

South Africa's Flag Was Designed to Mean Nothing, and That's the Point

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Julio Song
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8 min read

South Africa's flag holds a Guinness World Record for the most colors in a national flag among United Nations member states. Six colors, arranged in a...

New Zealand Spent $26 Million Voting on a New Flag. Then Chose the Old One.

New Zealand Spent $26 Million Voting on a New Flag. Then Chose the Old One.

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Julio Song
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8 min read

New Zealand spent NZ$26 million asking its own citizens a single question, twice: do you want a new flag? Twice, the answer came back no. Turnout for ...

Georgia's Flag Was a Party Logo First. A Revolution Made It the Nation's.

Georgia's Flag Was a Party Logo First. A Revolution Made It the Nation's.

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Julio Song
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9 min read

In 1999, Georgia's parliament voted to give the country a new flag. Five red crosses on white, replacing the maroon banner the republic had flown sinc...

Bolivia Wrote a Second Flag Into Its Constitution. Then the Fighting Started.

Bolivia Wrote a Second Flag Into Its Constitution. Then the Fighting Started.

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Julio Song
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9 min read

Bolivia is the only country on Earth whose constitution names two national flags. One is the red, yellow and green tricolor most people picture when t...

The Flag Nobody Chose: How a Spanish Diplomat Designed Bosnia and Herzegovina's Flag

The Flag Nobody Chose: How a Spanish Diplomat Designed Bosnia and Herzegovina's Flag

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Julio Song
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8 min read

In February 1998, Bosnia and Herzegovina got a national flag that no Bosnian had chosen. Not a soldier, not a voter, not a single elected member of it...

The Flag Czechoslovakia Split in Half: How the Czech Republic Kept a Banned Flag While Slovakia Started Over

The Flag Czechoslovakia Split in Half: How the Czech Republic Kept a Banned Flag While Slovakia Started Over

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Julio Song
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8 min read

On January 1, 1993, Czechoslovakia stopped existing. Two new countries woke up in its place, and within days, one of them had broken a rule written in...

The Flag Nigeria Never Redesigned, and the Man It Nearly Forgot

The Flag Nigeria Never Redesigned, and the Man It Nearly Forgot

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Julio Song
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8 min read

In 1959, a 23-year-old engineering student in London saw a small notice about a competition to design a new national flag. He mailed in a sketch, won ...

One Poem, Two Flags: How the Arab World's Colors Split Into Rival Family Trees

One Poem, Two Flags: How the Arab World's Colors Split Into Rival Family Trees

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Julio Song
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9 min read

Look at the flags of Jordan and Iraq side by side and you'll swear they belong to different families entirely. Jordan wears a red triangle stabbed int...

The King Who Wouldn't Pick a Side: How the Union Jack Ended Up on an American State Flag

The King Who Wouldn't Pick a Side: How the Union Jack Ended Up on an American State Flag

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Julio Song
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8 min read

Fifty state flags fly over the United States, and only one of them carries another nation's flag inside it. This isn't a faded echo or a borrowed colo...

Mississippi Didn't Design a New Flag in 2020. It Went Back to Its First One.

Mississippi Didn't Design a New Flag in 2020. It Went Back to Its First One.

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Julio Song
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8 min read

Mississippi's state flag has flown a magnolia before. That's the part most coverage of the 2020 redesign left out. When voters replaced the Confederat...

The Eagle Stood Alone: How Mexico's Flag Rewrote Its Own Founding Myth

The Eagle Stood Alone: How Mexico's Flag Rewrote Its Own Founding Myth

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Julio Song
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9 min read

Look closely at the center of Mexico's flag and you'll find a golden eagle standing on a cactus, a snake caught in its beak. Almost every visitor to M...

The Only National Flag That's a Letter From a Dead Alphabet

The Only National Flag That's a Letter From a Dead Alphabet

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Julio Song
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8 min read

Most national flags borrow a symbol from somewhere else: a plant, an animal, a weapon, a constellation. Mongolia did something stranger. It put a sing...

The Only Flag on Earth That Isn't a Rectangle

The Only Flag on Earth That Isn't a Rectangle

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Julio Song
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8 min read

Every national flag on Earth is a rectangle, except one. Nepal's flag is a double pennant, two triangular banners stacked and fused into a shape close...

One Dragon on Bhutan's Flag, Two on Its National Emblem

One Dragon on Bhutan's Flag, Two on Its National Emblem

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Julio Song
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5 min read

Bhutan's flag is famous for its dragon. Druk, the white thunder dragon, sprawls across the diagonal between the yellow and orange halves, clutching je...

The Dragons Guarding the Cities: London, Swansea, Ljubljana, and the Urban Career of a Legendary Creature

The Dragons Guarding the Cities: London, Swansea, Ljubljana, and the Urban Career of a Legendary Creature

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Julio Song
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5 min read

National flags get the famous dragons: Bhutan's thunder dragon, the red dragon of Wales. But the dragon's steadiest employment has always been municip...

The Flag of Ceylon: How a Lion Banner Captured in 1815 Was Rebuilt From a Sketch to Become Sri Lanka's Flag

The Flag of Ceylon: How a Lion Banner Captured in 1815 Was Rebuilt From a Sketch to Become Sri Lanka's Flag

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Julio Song
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5 min read

Most independence flags are new inventions. Ceylon's was a restoration. When the island became independent in 1948, it did not commission a fresh desi...

The Flag of Siam: How a White Elephant Ruled the Flagpole for a Century and Lost It to a Hoisting Accident

The Flag of Siam: How a White Elephant Ruled the Flagpole for a Century and Lost It to a Hoisting Accident

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Julio Song
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5 min read

Before there was Thailand, there was Siam, and before Thailand's familiar red, white, and blue stripes, there was one of the most beloved designs in f...

Seven Stars, Six Parishes, One Argument: What the Stars on Grenada's Flag Actually Mean

Seven Stars, Six Parishes, One Argument: What the Stars on Grenada's Flag Actually Mean

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Julio Song
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5 min read

Grenada's flag holds a national record almost nobody notices: it is the only national flag in the world with a nutmeg on it. But the question people a...

The Other National Symbol: What Emblems Say That Flags Can't, from Oman's Dagger to North Korea's Dam

The Other National Symbol: What Emblems Say That Flags Can't, from Oman's Dagger to North Korea's Dam

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Julio Song
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6 min read

Every country has a flag. Almost every country also has a second, less famous symbol: the national emblem, the device that appears on passports, coins...